简介：本篇文章主要是介绍了常用的异步通信原理，主要是RabbitMQ技术
目录
1、初始MQ（异步通讯）
1.1 同步通讯
1.2 异步通讯
1.3 MQ常见框架
2、RabbitMQ快速入门
2.1 RabbitMQ概述和安装
2.2 常见消息模型
2.3 快速入门
3、SpringAMQP
3.1 什么是SpringAMQP
3.2 SimpleQueue案例
3.3 SpringAMQP（发布、订阅模式）
3.3.1 广播模式
3.3.2 路由模式代码演示
3.3.3 话题模式
4、SpringAMQP-消息转换器
5、总结
1、初始MQ（异步通讯）
1.1 同步通讯
图 1.1-1 同步通讯存在的问题上图中展示的就是同步通讯的问题
1.2 异步通讯
图 1.2-1 异步通讯优缺点 异步通信的优点：
耦合度地吞吐量提升故障隔离流量削峰异步通信的缺点：
依赖于Broker的可靠性、安全性、吞吐能力架构复杂了、业务没有明显的流程线、不好追踪管理上图中展示的就是异步通信的优缺点
1.3 MQ常见框架
图 1.3-1 MQ产品上图中展示的便是四款常见的MQ产品，他们之间的优势性能也有清晰地比对
2、RabbitMQ快速入门
2.1 RabbitMQ概述和安装
图 2.1-1 RabbitMQ安装所需要的安装包、详细记录安装步骤的MD文件，因为内容过多，我放在网盘里面了百度网盘地址：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1FZtWCWMl_QpZEIcGNnpwKA 提取码：6666
图 2.1-2 RabbitMQ概述上图中展示的便是RabbitMQ的内部流程、逻辑，即消息发送者发送消息后传递给交换机，交换机将其消息存储到queue队列中，等待消息接受者获取
2.2 常见消息模型
图 2.2-1 五种消息模型上图中展示的就是常用的五种消息队列模型，其官网地址：RabbitMQ Tutorials | RabbitMQ
2.3 快速入门
package cn.itcast.mq.helloworld;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import org.junit.Test;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class PublisherTest {
@Test
public void testSendMessage() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
// 1.建立连接
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
// 1.1.设置连接参数，分别是：主机名、端口号、vhost、用户名、密码
factory.setHost("192.168.150.101");
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setVirtualHost("/");
factory.setUsername("itcast");
factory.setPassword("123321");
// 1.2.建立连接
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
// 2.创建通道Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 3.创建队列
String queueName = "simple.queue";
channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
// 4.发送消息
String message = "hello, rabbitmq!";
channel.basicPublish("", queueName, null, message.getBytes());
System.out.println("发送消息成功：【" + message + "】");
// 5.关闭通道和连接
channel.close();
connection.close();
}
}
package cn.itcast.mq.helloworld;
import com.rabbitmq.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class ConsumerTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
// 1.建立连接
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
// 1.1.设置连接参数，分别是：主机名、端口号、vhost、用户名、密码
factory.setHost("192.168.150.101");
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setVirtualHost("/");
factory.setUsername("itcast");
factory.setPassword("123321");
// 1.2.建立连接
Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
// 2.创建通道Channel
Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
// 3.创建队列
String queueName = "simple.queue";
channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
// 4.订阅消息
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, new DefaultConsumer(channel){
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
// 5.处理消息
String message = new String(body);
System.out.println("接收到消息：【" + message + "】");
}
});
System.out.println("等待接收消息。。。。");
}
}
3、SpringAMQP
3.1 什么是SpringAMQP
图 3.1-1 SpringAMQP介绍上图中展示的是关于SpringAMQP的消息发送和接收的标准
3.2 SimpleQueue案例
图 3.2-1 消息发送者上图中展示的是消息发送者的代码案例：即配置连接信息、编写测试代码
3.3 SpringAMQP（发布、订阅模式）
图 3.3-1 发布、订阅模式上图中展示的是三种通过路由器转发消息的模型，即广播模式、路由模式、话题模式
3.3.1 广播模式
1、消息发送者代码
package cn.itcast.mq.helloworld;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class PublisherTest {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@Test
public void testFanoutExchange(){
// 交换机名称
String exchangeName = "itcast.fanout";
// 消息
String message = "hello,everyone!";
// 发送消息
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName, "", message);
}
}
2、交换机、队列配置类代码
package cn.itcast.mq.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class FanoutConfig {
// 1.声明广播交换机
@Bean
public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange(){
return new FanoutExchange("itcast.fanout");
}
@Bean
public Queue fanoutQueue1(){
return new Queue("fanout.queue1");
}
@Bean
public Queue fanoutQueue2(){
return new Queue("fanout.queue2");
}
// 2.交换机绑定队列一
@Bean
public Binding fanoutBinding1(Queue fanoutQueue1, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange){
return BindingBuilder
.bind(fanoutQueue1)
.to(fanoutExchange);
}
// 3.交换机绑定队列二
@Bean
public Binding fanoutBinding2(Queue fanoutQueue2, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange){
return BindingBuilder
.bind(fanoutQueue2)
.to(fanoutExchange);
}
}
3、消息接受者代码
package cn.itcast.mq.listener;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.time.LocalTime;
@Component
public class SpringRabbitListener {
/* @RabbitListener(queues = "simple.queue")
public void listenWorkQueue1(String msg) throws InterruptedException{
System.out.println("消费者1接收到消息: 【" + msg + "】" + LocalTime.now());
}*/
@RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.queue1")
public void listenFanoutQueue1(String msg){
System.out.println("消费者1接收到消息: 【" + msg + "】" + LocalTime.now());
}
@RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.queue2")
public void listenFanoutQueue2(String msg){
System.out.println("消费者1接收到消息: 【" + msg + "】" + LocalTime.now());
}
}
3.3.2 路由模式代码演示
1、消息发送者代码
package cn.itcast.mq.helloworld;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class PublisherTest {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@Test
public void testFanoutExchange(){
// 交换机名称
String exchangeName = "itcast.direct";
// 消息
String message = "hello,everyone!";
// 发送消息
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName, "red", message);
}
}
2、消息接受者代码
package cn.itcast.mq.listener;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.ExchangeTypes;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.time.LocalTime;
@Component
public class SpringRabbitListener {
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(name = "direct.queue1"), exchange = @Exchange(name = "itcast.direct", type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT), key = {"red", "blue"}))
public void listenDirectQueue1(String msg){
System.out.println("消费者接收到direct.queue1的消息: 【" + msg + "】");
}
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(name = "direct.queue2"), exchange = @Exchange(name = "itcast.direct", type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT), key = {"red", "yellow"}))
public void listenDirectQueue2(String msg){
System.out.println("消费者接收到direct.queue1的消息: 【" + msg + "】");
}
}
3.3.3 话题模式
1、消息发送者代码
package cn.itcast.mq.helloworld;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class PublisherTest {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
/*
@Test
public void testFanoutExchange(){
// 交换机名称
String exchangeName = "itcast.direct";
// 消息
String message = "hello,everyone!";
// 发送消息
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName, "red", message);
}*/
@Test
public void testTopicExchange(){
// 交换机名称
String exchangeName = "itcast.topic";
// 消息
String message = "hello,everyone!";
// 发送消息
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName, "china.news", message);
}
}
2、消息接受者代码
package cn.itcast.mq.listener;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.ExchangeTypes;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.time.LocalTime;
@Component
public class SpringRabbitListener {
/**
* 话题路由器
*/
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue(name = "topic.queue1"),
exchange = @Exchange(name = "itcast.topic", type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),
key = "china.#"
))
public void listenTopicQueue1(String msg){
System.out.println("消费者接收到direct.queue1的消息: 【" + msg + "】");
}
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue(name = "topic.queue2"),
exchange = @Exchange(name = "itcast.topic", type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),
key = "#.news"
))
public void listenTopicQueue2(String msg){
System.out.println("消费者接收到direct.queue1的消息: 【" + msg + "】");
}
/* @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(name = "direct.queue1"), exchange = @Exchange(name = "itcast.direct", type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT), key = {"red", "blue"}))
public void listenDirectQueue1(String msg){
System.out.println("消费者接收到direct.queue1的消息: 【" + msg + "】");
}
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(value = @Queue(name = "direct.queue2"), exchange = @Exchange(name = "itcast.direct", type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT), key = {"red", "yellow"}))
public void listenDirectQueue2(String msg){
System.out.println("消费者接收到direct.queue1的消息: 【" + msg + "】");
}*/
}
4、SpringAMQP-消息转换器
图 4-1 SpringAMQP的作用我们知道 RabbitTemplate 传递的参数中，消息对象是以字节数组传递的，经过序列化（默认是通过JDK实现的）后显示为正常的数据，但是如果传递的是Map，List集合这种数据，SpringCloud自带的序列化就会出现异常，为了解决这一问题，我们需要引入SpringAMQP-消息转换器
图 4-1 项目的总pom文件在项目的总pom文件中添加相对应的依赖
图 4-3 消息发送端、接收端在项目的消息发送端、接收端的启动类中创建Bean对象
5、总结